Computing special \(L\)-values of certain modular forms with complex multiplication (Q1792493)

This is an expository article in which the authors present two explicit examples of computing special \(L\)-values of modular forms admitting complex multiplication. Two methods for this task are discussed. One uses hypergeometric functions, and the other one Eisenstein series, and approaches are rather computational. Two main examples are given in the following theorems. Here \(\eta(\tau)\) denotes the Dedekind eta-function. Theorem 1: Let \(\psi\) be the idéle class character of \({\mathbb{Q}}(\sqrt{-1})\) such that \(L(\psi, s-\frac{1}{2})\) is the Hasse-Weil \(L\)-function of the CM elliptic curve \(E_1:y^4+x^2=1\) of conductor \(32\). Then \[2L\Big(\psi,\frac{1}{2}\Big)^2=L(\psi^2,1).\] In terms of cusp forms with CM by \({\mathbb{Q}}(\sqrt{-1})\), the above identity is reformulated as \[2L(\eta(4\tau)^2\eta(8\tau)^2,1)^2=L(\eta(4\tau)^6,2),\] where \(\eta(4\tau)^2\eta(8\tau)^2\) is the weight \(2\) level \(32\) cuspidal eigenform corresponding to \(\psi\), and \(\eta(4\tau)^6\) is the weight \(3\) level \(16\) cuspidal eigenform corresponding to \(\psi^2\). Theorem 2: Let \(\chi\) be the idéle class character of \({\mathbb{Q}}(\sqrt{-3})\) such that \(L(\chi,s-\frac{1}{2})\) is the Hasse-Weil \(L\)-function of the CM elliptic curve \(E_2: x^3+y^3=\frac{1}{4}\) of conductor \(36\). Then \[\frac{3}{2}L\Big(\chi,\frac{1}{2}\Big)^2=L(\chi^2,1)\quad\text{and}\quad \frac{8}{3}L\Big(\chi,\frac{1}{2}\Big)^3=L\Big(\chi^3,\frac{3}{2}\Big).\] In terms of cusp forms with CM by \({\mathbb{Q}}(\sqrt{-3})\), these identities are reformulated respectively as follows: \[\frac{3}{2}L(\eta(6\tau)^4,1)^2=L(\eta(2\tau)^3\eta(6\tau)^3,2)\] and \[\frac{8}{3}L(\eta(6\tau)^4,1)^3=L(\eta(3\tau)^8,3).\] Here \(\eta(6\tau)^4\) is the level \(36\) weight \(2\) cuspidal Hecke eigenform corresponding to \(\chi\), \(\eta(2\tau)^3\eta(6\tau)^3\) is the level \(12\) weight \(3\) Hecke eigenform corresponding to \(\chi^2\), and \(\eta(3\tau)^8\) is the level \(9\) weight \(4\) Hecke eigenform corresponding to \(\chi^3\). Geometrically, weight \(2, 3\) and \(4\) cusp forms come from elliptic curves \(E_1\) and \(E_2\), K3 surfaces, and a Calabi-Yau threefold.