Infinitary addition, real numbers, and taut monads (Q1794282)

A \textit{series monoid} is a triple \((A,0,\Sigma)\) in which \(A\) is a set, \(0\) an element in \(A\), and \(\Sigma\colon A^{\mathbb{N}}\to A\) a map written as \((a_i)_{i\in \mathbb{N}}\mapsto \Sigma_{i\in \mathbb{N}}a_i\) satifying certain identities. A series monoid satisfying certain conditions is called a \textit{cardinal algebra}. An \textit{analytic monoid} is a system \((A, 0, \Sigma, \preceq)\) in which 1) \((A, 0, \Sigma)\) is a series monoid and \((A,\preceq)\) is an ordered set with the smallest element \(0\) and 2) \((\forall_{n\in \mathbb{N}}\Sigma_{i<n}a_i\preceq b)\Rightarrow \Sigma_{n\in \mathbb{N}}a_i\preceq b\) holds for every \((a_i)_{i\in \mathbb{N}}\). A number of properties of series monoids and analytic monoids are derived. A morphism \(f\colon A\to C\) in a category \(\mathcal{X}\) is called an \textit{injection} when there exists a morphism \(g\colon B\to C\) such that \(A\xrightarrow{f} C\xleftarrow{g} B\) is a coproduct diagram. A monad \((T,\eta,\mu)\) on a category \(\mathcal{X}\) with finite coproducts satisfying certain conditions is called an \textit{injection taut monad}. A general construction for algebras over an injection taut monad on a lextensive category is presented. Studying of series monoids of isomorphism classes of objects in a series monoidal category is suggested. The authors also provide a number of examples.