Zeroth Poisson homology, foliated cohomology and perfect Poisson manifolds (Q1795602)

This paper proves that for a compact regular Poisson manifold \((M,\pi)\) of rank \(2n\), there is a canonical isomorphism of vector spaces \(H^\pi_0(M)\to H^{2n}(\mathcal F_\pi)\), where \(\mathcal F_\pi\) is the characteristic foliation of the Poisson manifold. By definition, the zeroth Poisson homology of \(M\) is \[ H_0^\pi(M)=\frac{ C^\infty(M)}{\{ C^\infty(M), C^\infty(M)\}} \] and \(H^{2n}(\mathcal F_\pi)\) is the top foliated cohomology vector space defined by the foliation \(\mathcal F_\pi\) on \(M\). The isomorphism \(H^\pi_0(M)\to H^{2n}(\mathcal F_\pi)\) is induced by the bijection \(C^\infty(M)\to \Omega^{2n}(\mathcal F_\pi)\), \(f\mapsto f\frac{\pi^n}{n!}\), where \(\pi\) is seen as a closed, nondegenerate foliated \(2\)-form \(\pi\in \Omega^2(\mathcal F_\pi)\). This shows in particular that the zeroth Poisson homology group of a compact regular Poisson manifold only depends on the characteristic foliation. In the case of a unimodular Poisson manifold, there is an isomorphism \(H^k_\pi(M)\simeq H^\pi_{d-k}(M)\), where \(d\) is the dimension of \(M\) (see, e.g., [\textit{C. Laurent-Gengoux} et al., Poisson structures. Berlin: Springer (2012; Zbl 1284.53001), Proposition 4.18]). Therefore, the theorem above implies that in the case of a compact and regular unimodular Poisson manifold, \[ H^d_pi(M)\simeq H^{2n}(\mathcal F_\pi). \] After a short introduction to the problem in Section 1, the authors prove their main result in Section 2. In Section 3 several known results on cosymplectic structures and on regular Poisson manifolds of compact type are presented as applications of the main theorem. Finally, perfect Poisson manifolds are defined to be Poisson manifolds satisfying the equation \(C^\infty(M)=\{C^\infty(M), C^\infty(M)\}+\mathbb R\). The fact that Poisson manifolds with \(H^\pi_0(M)=0\) are perfect follows then immediately.