Naturality of Heegaard Floer invariants under positive rational contact surgery (Q1799687)

The authors claim that determination of closed oriented 3-manifolds which admit tight contact structure is a fundamental problem in 3-dimensional contact topology. Any closed oriented 3-manifold admits contact structures, and any contact structure \(\xi\) can be described by contact surgery on a Legendrian link in \(S^3\) [\textit{F. Ding} and \textit{H. Geiges}, Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 136, No. 3, 583--598 (2004; Zbl 1069.57015)]. If such a description for \(\xi\) can be obtained for which all contact surgery coefficients are negative, then \(\xi\) is tight. Therefore this paper considers the extent to which contact surgery with positive coefficients results in tight contact structures. As a proxy for tightness of a contact structure, the authors consider the nonvanishing of the Heegaard-Floer contact invariant \(c(\xi)\in\widehat{HF}(-Y. \mathfrak{t}_\xi)\). Here \(\widehat{HF}(y)\) is the Heegaard-Floer homology of \(Y\) with coefficients in \(\mathbb{F}=\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}\) and \(\mathfrak{t}_\xi\) is the \(\mathrm{spin}^c\) structure associated to \(\xi\) [\textit{P. Ozsváth} and \textit{Z. Szabó}, Duke Math. J. 129, No. 1, 39--61 (2005; Zbl 1083.57042)]. Let \(K\subset Y\) be an oriented null-homologous knot and fix a Seifert surface \(S\) in \(K\). Then there is a rational cobordism \(W:Y\#-L(q,r)\to Y_{p/q}(K)\), where \(q>0\), \(p=mq-r\), \(0\leq r<q\), and \(L(q,r)\) is the lens space obtained by \(-q/r\) surgery on the unknot in \(S^3\). \(Y_{p/q}(K)\) is a rational extension of \(Y_n(K)\), the \(n\)-formed surgery along \(K\), and the main example treated in this paper. Let \(\mathcal{K}\) be a Legendrian representation of the smooth knot \(K\) and denote by \(\mathrm{tb}(\mathcal{K})\) and by \(\mathrm{rot}(\mathcal{K})\), the Thurston-Bennequin number and rotation number of \(\mathcal{K}\), respectively. The following theorem, which generalize Theorem 1.1 of [\textit{P. Lisca} and \textit{A. I. Stipsicz}, Geom. Topol. 8, 925--945 (2004; Zbl 1059.57017)], is proved: Theorem 1.3 Let \(K\subset S^3\) be a knot with slice genus \(g_s(K)>0\) that admits a Legendrian representation \(\mathcal{K}\) with \(\mathrm{tb}(\mathcal{K})+|\mathrm{rot}(\mathcal{K})|=2g_s(K)-1\). Then the manifold \(S^3_{p/q}(K)\) obtained by smooth \(p/q\) surgery along \(K\) admits tight contact structure, for every \(p/q\notin [2g_s(K)-1-|\mathrm{rot}(\mathcal{K})|, 2g_s(K)-1]\). In particular, if \(\mathcal{K}\) is oriented so that rot\((\mathcal{K})\leq 0\), then the contact structure \(\xi^-_{x/y}(K)\) is tight for the contact surgery coefficient \(x/y\) corresponding to smooth \(p/q\) surgery as above. This theorem is proved by Theorems 1.1 and 1.2. Theorem 1.1 proves under a suitable assumption on \(K\) and rational cobordism \(W\), the followings statements. {\parindent=0.7cm \begin{itemize}\item[1.] There exit a \(\mathrm{spin}^c\) structure \(\mathfrak{s}\) on \(W\) and a generator \(\tilde{c}\in\widehat{HF}(L(q,r)\) such that the homomorphism \(F_{^W,\mathfrak{s}}:\widehat{HF}(-Y\sharp L(q,r))\to \widehat{HF}(-Y_{p/q}(K))\) induced \(W\) with it orientation reversed satisfies \[ F_{-W,\mathfrak{s}}(c(\xi)\otimes\tilde{c})=c(\xi^-_{x/y}). \] \item[2.] Assume also that \(\xi\) and \(\xi^-_{x/y}\) have torsion first Chern class. Then \(\mathfrak{s}\) has the property that \[ \pm\langle c_1(\mathfrak{s}), [\tilde{S}]\rangle =p+( \mathrm{rot}(\mathcal{K})-\mathrm{tb}(\mathcal{K}))q-1. \] \end{itemize}} The authors say that this is the main theorem of this paper. It is proved as a refinement of a naturality theorem of reducible open book surgery (Theorem 2.3) in \S3. The authors say that open book surgery (explained in \S2) is the key geometric construction that leads to the results of this paper. Denoting by \(\tau(K)\) the Ozsváth-Sabó invariant [\textit{P. Ozsváth} and \textit{Z. Szabó}, Geom. Topol. 7, 615--639 (2003; Zbl 1037.57027)] and by \(\epsilon(K)\in \{-1.0.1\}\) the concordance invariant [\textit{J. Hom}, J. Topol. 7, No. 2, 287--326 (2014; Zbl 1368.57002)], Theorem 1.2 shows that \(c(\xi^-_{x/y})=0\) if \(\mathrm{tb}(K)-\mathrm{rot}(K)<2\tau(K)-1\), while if \(\mathrm{tb}(K)-\mathrm{rot}(K)=2\tau(K)-1\), then {\parindent=0.7cm \begin{itemize}\item[1.] If \(\epsilon(K)=1\), then \(c(\xi^-_{x/y})\neq 0\) if and only if \(p/q>2\tau(K)-1\), \item[2.] If \(\epsilon(K)=0\), then \(c(\xi^-_{x/y})\neq 0\) if and only if \(p/q\geq 2\tau(K)\). \item[3.] If \(\epsilon(K)=-1\), then \(c(\xi^-_{x/y})=0\). \end{itemize}} This is proved in \S4 with the aid of properties of the mapping cone of chain complex related to Ozsváth-Sabó filtration (Theorem 1.4, Corollary 1.5. proved in \S5).