The essential self-adjointness of pseudodifferential operators associated with non-elliptic Weyl symbols with large potentials (Q1802962)

The author introduces a class of symbols \(A(\xi)+B(x,\xi)+C(x)\) to prove the Weyl pseudo-differential operator with symbol in the class to be essentially selfadjoint on \(C_ 0^ \infty(\mathbb{R}^ n)\). \(B(x,\xi)\), \(A(\xi)\) and \(C(x)\) are real-valued \(C^ \infty\) functions on \(\mathbb{R}^ n_ x\times\mathbb{R}^ n_ \xi\), \(\mathbb{R}^ n_ \xi\) and \(\mathbb{R}^ n_ x\) satisfying that for some \(\rho,\delta,\rho',\delta'\) with \(0\leq\delta\leq\rho\leq 1\), \(\delta<1\) and \(0\leq\delta'\leq\rho'\leq 1\), \(\delta'<1\), \[ \begin{multlined} [\langle x\rangle^{-1}|\partial^ \alpha_ \xi\partial^ \beta_ x\partial_{\xi_ j}B(x,\xi) |+\langle\xi\rangle^{-1}|\partial^ \alpha_ \xi\partial^ \beta_ x \partial_{x_ j}B(x,\xi)| \\ +|\partial^ \alpha_ \xi\partial^ \beta_ x \partial_{x_ j}\partial_{\xi_ j}B(x,\xi)|]\langle\xi\rangle^{\rho|\alpha |- \delta|\beta|}\langle x\rangle^{\rho'|\beta|- \delta'| \alpha|}, \end{multlined} \] \(\varphi(\langle\xi\rangle)^{-1}\partial^ \alpha_ \xi\partial_{\xi_ j}A(\xi)\) and \(\psi(\langle x\rangle)^{- 1}\partial^ \beta_ x\partial_{x_ j}C(x)\) are all bounded for each multiindex \(\alpha,\beta\) and \(1\leq j\leq n\), where \(\varphi(r)\) and \(\psi(r)\) are monotone increasing \(C^ \infty\) functions on \([1,\infty)\) satisfying \(\varphi(\psi(r))\leq r\) with \(\varphi(1)=\psi(1)=1\) and \(|\varphi^{(k)}(r)|\leq C_ kr^{-k}\varphi(r)\), \(|\psi^{(k)}(r)|\leq C_ kr^{-k}\psi(r)\), \(k=1,2,\dots,\) and \(\langle z\rangle=(1+| z|^ 2)^{1/2}\), \(z\in\mathbb{R}^ n\). Ellipticity and positivity of the symbols are not assumed. The result is also applied to show the \(L^ 2\) well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for the evolution equation \(\partial_ tu(t,x)=i{\mathcal A}(t)u(t,x)+f(t,x)\), where \({\mathcal A}(t)\) is a pseudodifferential operator having a symbol, introduced above, possibly time-dependent.