Elliptic Dunkl operators, root systems, and functional equations (Q1804675)

In the first section, Dunkl operators of the form \[ \nabla_\xi = \partial_\xi + \sum_{\alpha \in R_+} k_\alpha (\alpha, \xi) {1 \over (\alpha, x)} \widehat s_\alpha \] where \(R\) is a root system of a group of orthogonal reflections, \(s_\alpha\) is the reflection defined by the root \(\alpha\) and \(\widehat s_\alpha f(x) = f(s_\alpha (x))\). \(k_\alpha\) is a \(G\)-invariant function on \(R\). It is shown that Dunkl's commutativity condition \([\nabla_\xi, \nabla_\eta] = 0\) implies that \(R_+\) is the most general type of root systems of this form, i.e. if \(R\) is replaced by \(A\) which is a set of unit normals to any collection of hyperplanes, then \(A\) is necessarily the root system of a Coxeter group. In the second part, operators of the form \[ \nabla_\xi = \partial_\xi + \sum_{\alpha \in R_+} (\alpha, \xi) f_\alpha \bigl( (\alpha, x) \bigr) \widehat s_\alpha \] are considered and the commutativity condition is shown to lead to a functional equation in \( f_\alpha\): \[ \sum \langle \alpha, \beta \rangle f_\alpha \bigl( (\alpha, x) \bigr) f_\beta \bigl( (s_\alpha(\beta), x) \bigr) = 0. \] It is shown that in all but the cases of simple Lie algebras \(A_1\), \(B_2\) this implies that the operator is of Dunkl's form. In the \(B_2\) case it is shown that \(f\) must be an elliptic function. This leads to a more general set of operators called elliptic Dunkl operators, which are characterized in the \(A_{n - 1}\) case. Finally, it is seen that one can also define quantum Dunkl operators and obtain the elliptic ones as a semiclassical limit. Moreover, they have applications to the \(n\)-body problem.