On wide-\((s)\) sequences and their applications to certain classes of operators (Q1805972)

A basic sequence in a Banach space is called wide-\((s)\) if it is bounded and dominates the summing basis (wide-\((s)\) sequences were originally introduced by I. Singer, who termed them \(p^*\)-sequences). Several natural properties of Banach spaces and operators between them can be captured using wide-\((s)\) sequences. For example, it is proved that an operator between Banach spaces is non-weakly compact iff it maps some wide-\((s)\) sequence into a wide-\((s)\) sequence; an operator is non-Tauberian iff it maps some wide-\((s)\) sequence into a norm convergent sequence. The concept is quantified in terming a sequence \(\lambda\)-wide-\((s)\) provided its terms all have norm at most \(\lambda\), its basis constant is at most \(2\lambda\), and it \(\lambda\)-dominates the summing basis for \(c_0\). It is proved that every non-reflexive Banach space has a \((1+\varepsilon)\)-wide-\((s)\) sequence for any \(\varepsilon>0\); this yields a new proof of the quantitative triangular-arrays result in arbitrary non-reflexive spaces, due to R. C. James. The quantitative concept immediately localizes; thus it follows that a Banach space is non-superreflexive iff it contains finite \((1+\varepsilon)\)-wide-\((s)\) sequence of arbitrary length, arbitrary \(\varepsilon>0\) . It is shown that an operator is non-super weakly compact iff there is a \(\lambda\) so that it maps some finite \(\lambda\)-wide-\((s)\) sequences of arbitrarily length into \(\lambda\)-wide-\((s)\) sequences. It is proved that an operator is non-super-Tauberian provided there are for every \(\varepsilon>0\), finite \((1+\varepsilon)\)-wide-\((s)\) sequences of arbitrary length whose images have norm at most \(\varepsilon\); this strengthens a recent result of M. González and A. Martínez-Abejón. A new family of operators is introduced, the strongly Tauberian operators. These are defined as the operators from \(X\) to \(Y\) whose induced operator from \(X^{**}/X\) to \(Y^{**}/Y\) is an (into) isomorphism. These form an open semigroup closed under natural operations such as double adjoints. It is proved that this class is precisely intermediate between the Tauberian and super-Tauberian classes. It is demonstrated that an operator \(T\) is strongly Tauberian iff for all \(\lambda\geq 1\) (resp. some \(\lambda>1)\) there exists a \(\beta>1\) so that any \(\lambda\)-wide-\((s)\) sequence has a subsequence mapped by \(T\) into \(\beta\)-wide-\((s)\) sequence. This result is used in an essential way in obtaining the following direct characterization: an operator \(T\) is super-Tauberian iff for all \(k\), every \(\lambda\)-wide-\((s)\) sequence of length \(n\) has a subsequence of length \(k\) mapped to a \(\beta\)-wide-\((s)\) sequence, where \(\beta\) depends only on \(\lambda\), \(n\) only on \(\lambda\) and \(k\).