A necessary and sufficient condition for the biorthogonality of \(\{\varphi_1,\varphi_2\}\) (Q1806067)

The authors present a necessary and sufficient condition for the biorthogonality of a class of special functions \(\varphi_1\) and \(\varphi_2\). These functions are useful in the theory of biorthogonal wavelets. Let \(m_1(\xi)\) and \(m_2(\xi)\) is two functions satisfying the following three conditions: (i) \(m_1(\xi)\) and \(m_2(\xi)\) are continuous and periodic with period 1; (ii) \(m_1(0)= m_1(0)= 1\); \(m_1(\xi)\overline m_2(\xi)+ m_1(\xi+{1\over 2})\overline m_2(\xi+{1\over 2})= 1\), \(\forall\xi\in \mathbb{R}\); (iii) for any \(\xi\in \mathbb{R}\), the following two infinite products are convergent \[ \widehat\varphi_1(\xi)= \prod^\infty_{j=1} m_1(2^{-j}\xi),\;\widehat\varphi_2(\xi)= \prod^\infty_{j=1} m_2(2^{-j}\xi). \] Moreover, \(\widehat\varphi_1, \widehat\varphi_2\in L^2(\mathbb{R})\). From condition (iii) it follows that there exist two functions \(\varphi_1(x)\) and \(\varphi_2(x)\) in \(L^2(\mathbb{R})\) such that their Fourier transforms are \(\widehat\varphi_1(\xi)\) and \(\widehat\varphi_2(\xi)\), respectively, i.e., \[ \widehat\varphi_s(\xi)= \int^{+\infty}_{-\infty} \varphi_s(x) e^{-2\pi ix\xi}dx,\quad s= 1,2. \] Theorem: Assume that \(\widehat\varphi_1(\xi)\) and \(\widehat\varphi_2(\xi)\) are continuous at \(\xi= 0\). Then \(\varphi_1\) and \(\varphi_2\) are biorthogonal if and only if there exists a positive constant \(C\) such that \[ \sum_{k\in\mathbb{Z}} |\widehat\varphi_1(\xi+ k) \widehat\varphi_2(\xi+ k)|\geq C\qquad\text{a.e. }. \] {}.