Constitutive equations of creep under changing multiaxial stresses (Q1806549)

Creep constitutive equations which describe the behaviour of metals under non-proportional loading are derived by generalization of nonlinear viscoelasticity equations equipped with temporal analogy of time-stress type. To obtain the new equations, integral relations which include degenerate integral operators are first transformed into differential relations. It is shown that this implies the kinematic hardening law. Then the author introduces mixed hardening as a composition of three hardening mechanisms due to translation, size and shape of potential surfaces, respectively. Weight factors of these mechanisms depend on two material constants which are obtained from the creep data under non-proportional loading. Comparison of theoretical results with experimental data indicates a good prediction of the material response.