Observability of the direct product of bilinear control systems on Lie groups (Q1806584)

Let \(G\) and \(V\) be real Lie groups, \(D\) a set of derivations of the Lie algebra of \(G\), and \(h:G\to V\) a Lie group homomorphism. The quadruple \(\Sigma:= (G,D,h,V)\) is considered as a control system on \(G\) with a \(V\)-valued output function. Consider the subsemigroup \(S_\Sigma\) of \(\Aut(G)\) generated by the one-parameter semigroups \(t\mapsto e^{tX}\) with \(X\in D\). Then \(\Sigma\) is called observable if the family of maps \(\{h\circ\varphi\mid \varphi\in S_\Sigma\}\) separates the points of \(G\). The authors consider ``bilinear'' systems, i.e., they assume the elements of \(D\) to be of the form \(X+ \sum^m_{j= 1}u_j Y_j\), where \(X,Y_1,\dots, Y_m\) are fixed derivations and the \(u_j\) are arbitrary real numbers. Then they show that \(\Sigma\) is observable if and only if the kernel of \(h\) contains no \(S_\Sigma\)-invariant subgroup. In case that \(\Sigma\) is transitive on \(G\setminus\{1\}\) this reduces to \(h\) being non-constant. The authors apply these results to give a characterization of the observability of the direct product of two systems (for commutative \(V\)).