A new necessary condition for the integrability of Hamiltonian systems with a two-dimensional homogeneous potential (Q1809198)

For a 2 degrees-of-freedom Hamiltonian system with a Hamiltonian \(H= \frac{1}{2}(p_1^2 + p_2^2)+V(q_1,q_2)\) with homogeneous potential \(V\) a necessary analytic integrability condition is proved. This condition was stated before by Morales-Ruiz and Ramis on the base of differential Galois theory. Here a direct proof is presented which reduces the existence of an additional analytic integral to the existence of a particular solution of the Gaussian hypergeometric equation being (after a proper change of variables) a normal linear variational equation around a straightline solution of the initial system which always exists for the homogeneous potential.