Euler characteristics of \(\text{SU}(2)\) instanton moduli spaces on rational elliptic surfaces (Q1809219)

A rational ellipic surface \(X\) is obtained by blowing up 9 points in \(\mathbb{P}^2\) which are complete intersection of 2 cubic curves and is endowed of an obvious elliptic fibration \(X \rightarrow \mathbb{P}^1\). The author gives a computation of the Euler characteristic of the Gieseker compactification of \(SU(2)\)-instanton moduli spaces for such surfaces and checks the modular property of \(Z_{\text{SU}(2)}\) and \(Z_{\text{SO}(3)}\) that has been conjectured by Vafa and Witten. The relevance of the result is mainly in that it shows that, up to holomorphic anomaly coming from \(E_2(\tau)\) and unknown terms coming from singular spaces, the generating functions of this Euler characteristic coincide with those that have been computed for topological Yang-Mills theory of rational elliptic surfaces.