Stability of one-electron molecules in the Brown-Ravenhall model (Q1809305)

Let \(D_0\) denote the free Dirac operator in \(L^2({\mathbb R}^3) \otimes {\mathbb C}^4\) and \(\Lambda_+\) be the projection onto the positive spectral subspace of \(D_0\). The Brown-Ravenhall Hamiltonian for a system of one electron with \(K\) fixed nuclei having charge and position \(Z_k,R_k, k=1,\dots, K\) is the following operator \[ B_{1,K} = \Lambda_+(D_0+\alpha V_c)\Lambda_+, \] where \(V_c = -\sum_{k=1}^K {Z_k \over |x-R_k|} +\sum_{k<l,k,l=1}^K {Z_k Z_l \over |R_k-R_l|}\), \(\alpha\) is Sommerfeld's fine structure constant. The authors prove that \[ B_{1,K} \geq \operatorname {const} K, \] if \(\alpha Z_k \leq {2 \over {{\pi \over 2} + {2\over\pi} } }, k = 1,\dots,K\) and \(\alpha \leq {2\pi \over {(\pi^2+4)(2+\sqrt{1+{\pi\over 2}})} } \approx 0.125721\), which covers the physical value \(\alpha \approx 1/137 \approx 0.0072.\)