On simultaneous approximations that take into account the specifics of the homogeneous case (Q1810084)

Let \(\mathbb{I}\) be an imaginary quadratic field or the field of rational numbers, and let \(\varphi_k(x)\), \(\psi_k(x)\), \(\psi(x)\) be polynomials with coefficients of leading terms equal to one and of degree \(v_k\), \(u_k\), \(u\), respectively. Denote \(\psi(x)= (x+\lambda_1)\dots (x+\lambda_u)\), where \(\lambda_1,\dots, \lambda_u\) are algebraic numbers of degrees \(\kappa_1,\dots, \kappa_u\), and let \(\tau= 1- (\sum_{i=1}^u 1/\kappa_i)/u\). Furthermore, suppose that \(\psi_k(0)= 0\), \(\varphi_k(x) \psi_k(x) \psi(x)\neq 0\) for \(k=1,\dots, t\); \(x=1,2,\ldots\). Define \[ \begin{aligned} \Phi_k(z) &= \Phi_{k1}(z)= \sum_{\nu=0}^\infty z^\nu \omega_k^\nu \prod_{x=1}^\nu \frac{\varphi_k(x)} {\psi_k(x)\psi(x)},\\ \Phi_{kj_k}(z) &= z\frac{d}{dz} \Phi_{k,j_k-1}(z), \quad j_k= 2,\dots, m_k\;(m_k= u+u_k),\;k=1,\dots, t. \end{aligned} \] Also set \(m= m_1+\cdots+ m_t\). The main result of this paper is as follows: Let \(\psi(x)\in \mathbb{I}[x]\), \(\omega_k\in \mathbb{I}\), and the roots of the polynomials \(\varphi_k(x)\) and \(\psi_k(x)\) be rational. Also let \(m\geq 2\), \(v_k\leq u_k\), \(v_k< m_k\), and \(u_k-v_k= d\) be independent of \(k\) \((k=1,\dots, t)\). If the functions \(\Phi_{kj_k}(z)\) \((1\leq k\leq t\), \(1\leq j_k\leq m_k)\) are linearly independent over \(\mathbb{C}(z)\), then for any nonzero tuple \(\{h_{kj_k}\) \((1\leq k\leq t\), \(1\leq j_k\leq m_k)\}\) of integers from the field \(\mathbb{I}\) and for any \(\varepsilon> 0\) and a sufficiently large \(H= \max|h_{kj_k}|\) the following inequality holds: \[ \Biggl|\sum_{k=1}^t \sum_{j_k=1}^{m_k} h_{kj_k} \Phi_{kj_k}(1) \Biggr|> H^{-((m-1)(u+d)+ u\tau)/(u+d- u\tau)- \varepsilon}. \] In order to prove the theorem the author uses simultaneous approximations taking into account the specific character that the functions \(\Phi_{kj_k}(z)\) satisfy homogeneous differential equations.