Nonrecurrence in mean of sums along the Kronecker sequence (Q1810285)

The Weyl's limit relation states that an \(s\)-dimensional real sequence \(\mathbf x_n\in[0,1)^s\), \(n=1,2,\dots\) is uniformly distributed if and only if \(\lim_{N\to\infty}\frac{1}{N} \sum_{n=1}^NF(\mathbf x_n)= \int_{[0,1]^s}F(\mathbf x)\,d\mathbf x\) holds for all continuous functions \(F:[0,1]^s\to\mathbb R\). The Koksma-Hlawka's inequality gives an error term \[ \left| \frac{1}{N}\sum_{n=1}^NF(\mathbf x_n)- \int_{[0,1]^s}F(\mathbf x)\,d\mathbf x\right| \leq V(F)D_N, \] where \(V(F)\) is the Hardy and Krause variation of \(F\) and \(D_N\) is the discrepancy of \(\mathbf x_1,\dots,\mathbf x_N\) (all such notations can be found, e.g., in the reviewer and \textit{Š. Porubský} [Distribution of sequences: a sampler, Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main (2005; Zbl 1078.11051)]). For every continuous \(F(\mathbf x)\) for which \(\int_{[0,1]^s}F(\mathbf x)\,d\mathbf x=0\), the best known \(D_N=O((\log N)^{s}/N)\) implies \(| \sum_{n=1}^NF(\mathbf x_n)| \leq V(F)ND_N\to\infty\), but for some special casses it can be found \(\liminf_{N\to\infty}| \sum_{n=1}^NF(\mathbf x_n)| =0\) [see \textit{V.V. Kozlov}, Mosc. Univ. Math. Bull. 33, No. 1--2, 31--38 (1978); translation from Vestn. Moskov. Univ., Ser. I 1978, No. 1, 106--115 (1978; Zbl 0404.34034)] for dimension \(s=1\). In this note, for the Kronecker sequence \(\mathbf x_n= (n\alpha_1+\varphi_1,\dots, n\alpha_s+\varphi_s)\bmod1\), where \(\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_s, 1\) are linearly independent over \(\mathbb Q\), the authors prove that if (1) \(F(\mathbf x)=G(\mathbf x)+H(\mathbf t\cdot\mathbf x)\), where \(G(\mathbf x)\) is a trigonometric polynomial, \(H(x)\) is a one-periodic function of a single variable \(x\), (\(\mathbf t\cdot\mathbf x\) is the inner product), then (2) \(\liminf_{N\to\infty}\sup_{\varphi_1,\dots,\varphi_s} | \sum_{n=1}^NF(\mathbf x_n)| =0\), and that (1) characterizes (2). For the proof the authors use a construction of the second author [Math. Notes 58, No. 3, 948--959 (1995); translation from Mat. Zametki 58, No. 3, 394--410 (1995; Zbl 0857.11037)].