Bifurcations of rough 3-point-loop with higher dimensions (Q1812240)

In the present study, the authors consider the following \(C^r\) system \[ \dot z=f(z)+g(z,\mu),\tag{1} \] and its unperturbed system \[ \dot z=f(z),\tag{2} \] with \(r\geq 4\), \(z\in\mathbb{R}^{m+n}\), \(\mu\in\mathbb{R}^\ell\), \(\mu\in\mathbb{R}^\ell\), \(\ell\geq 3\), \(0\leq| \mu| \ll 1\), \(g(z,0)=0\). Under some suitable assumptions on \(f\) and \(g\), the authors prove the existence, coexistence and incoexistence of 2-point-loop, 1-homoclinic orbit and 1-periodic orbit. Moreover, the bifurcation surfaces and existence regions are given.