Riesz potentials, higher Riesz transforms and Beppo Levi spaces (Q1812675)

The main center of investigations in this paper originates from the representation of the solution of the equation \[ \Delta^ \ell u=f, \quad \ell=1,2,\dots,\text{ with } f\in L_ p(\mathbb{R}^ n), \quad p>1.\tag{1} \] It is connected with the representation of functions from the space \({\mathcal L}_ m^ p=\{u\in{\mathcal D}'\): \(D^ \alpha u\in L_ p\), \(|\alpha|=m\}\), \(m=1,2,\dots\), which is called a Beppo Levi space. This representation is given by \[ u(x)=P(x)+U_ m^ f(x), \qquad f\in L_ p,\tag{2} \] where \(P(x)\) is a polynomial and \(U_ m^ f(x)\) is a Riesz potential of \(f(x)\). The representation (2) was thoroughly investigated by P. I. Lizorkin for \(m-n/p<0\). The author uses a certain modification \(U_{m,\kappa}^ f\) of the Riesz potential, with the kernel \(k_{m,\kappa}(x,y)\) being obtained from the usual Riesz kernel \(k_ m(x-y)\) by subtracting a partial \(\kappa\)-sum of the Taylor series in \(x\) around the point \((-y)\). It allows the author to generalize (2) to any value of \(m=1,2,\dots\) and \(p>1\) in terms of \(U_{m,\kappa}^ f\), with \(\kappa=[m-n/p]\). The cases \(m-n/p=0,1,2,\dots\) are especially treated. As a corollary the author obtains a representation of the solution of (1) for any integer \(\ell\) and \(p>1\). The estimates for \(U_{m,\kappa}^ f(x)\) with \(f\in L^ p\) together with the higher Riesz transforms are the main tools in the author's investigation. Some embedding and interpolation theorems are also given for \(L_ m^ p\), which is the closure of \({\mathcal D}\) in the norm of \({\mathcal L}_ m^ p\).