Special instanton bundles on \(\mathbb{P}_{2N+1}\), their geometry and their moduli (Q1812924)

In this paper certain algebraic vector bundles of rank \(2n\) on \(\mathbb{P}^{2N+1}\) are constructed and their geometry is studied. It contains a neat combination of classical and modern algebraic geometry. Notations: \(S_ n\) denotes the space of binary \(n\)-forms, \(U=S_ 1\), \(V_ n=S_ n\otimes U\) and \(\mathbb{P}^{2n+1}\) is identified with \(P=P(V_ n)=\) space of lines in \(V_ n\;(=\mathbb{P}(\check V_ n)\) in Grothendieck's notation). The multiplication \(S_ k\otimes V_ n\to S_{k+n}\) is denoted by \(\mu\) and \(\beta:\bigwedge^ 2U\otimes S_{k- 1}\otimes V_{n-1}\to S_ k\otimes V_ n\) is defined by \(\beta(s\wedge t\otimes g\otimes v)=tg\otimes sv-sg\otimes tv\). We have \(\Omega^ 1_ P(1)\subset\check V_ n\otimes{\mathcal O}_ P\) (by the Euler sequence) and tensorising this embedding with \(\check S_ k\) and composing with the dual \(\check\beta\) of \(\beta\) gives an epimorphism \(S^ \lor_ k\otimes\Omega^ 1_ P(1)@>B>>\bigwedge^ 2U^ \lor\otimes S^ \lor_{k-1}\otimes V^ \lor_{n-1}\otimes{\mathcal O}_ P\) which is part of a monad \[ 0\to A\otimes{\mathcal O}_ P(-1)@>M>>S^ \lor_ k\otimes\Omega^ 1_ P(1)@>B>>{\textstyle\bigwedge^ 2}U^ \lor\otimes S^ \lor_{k-1}\otimes V^ \lor_{n-1}\otimes{\mathcal O}_ P\to 0 \] where \(A\) is a suitable \((k+1)\)-dimensional subspace of \(H^ 0(\text{Ker}(B)(1))\subset S^ \lor_ k\otimes\bigwedge^ 2V^ \lor_ n\). It needs a very careful analysis of \(H^ 0(\text{Ker}(B)(1))\) and the evaluation map \[ {\mathcal O}_ P\otimes H^ 0(\text{Ker}(B)(1))\to\text{Ker}(B)(1) \] to find subspaces \(A\) such that the evaluation map \(M\) makes \(A\otimes{\mathcal O}_ P(-1)\) to a subbundle. This property is shown to be equivalent to the conditions: The bilinear map \(\tilde\alpha:S_ n\times A\to\check S_{n+k}\), \(\tilde\alpha(f,a)(h)=a(fh)\) is nondegenerate. Such subspaces are called regular. --- The cohomology of the monad defines then a bundle \({\mathcal E}={\mathcal E}_ A\) of rank \(2n\) on \(P\). This construction leads to so- called special instanton bundles. \textit{C. Okonek} and \textit{H. Spindler} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 364, 35-50 (1986; Zbl 0568.14009)] had introduced mathematical instanton bundles on \(\mathbb{P}^{2n+1}\) as algebraic rank-\(2n\) bundles \(E\) which are simple, have trivial generic splitting type, Chern polynomial \((1-h^ 2)^{-k}\) (\(k\) is called the quantum number) and such that for each \(\ell=0,1,\ldots,2n+1\) at most one of the \(H^ q(E(-\ell))\) is nonzero. The authors call such a bundle special if the evaluation map \(H^ 1(E(- 1))\otimes V^ \lor_ n\to H^ 1(E)\) is isomorphic to the map \(S^ \lor_ k\otimes V_ n^ \lor@>\beta^ \lor>>\bigwedge^ 2U^ \lor\otimes S^ \lor_{k-1}\otimes V^ \lor_{n-1}\) induced above, via isomorphism \(H^ 1(E(-1))\simeq\check S_ k\), \(H^ 1(E)\simeq\bigwedge^ 2U^ \lor\otimes S^ \lor_{k-1}\otimes V^ \lor_{n-1}\). Among other things they show that each special instanton bundle with quantum number \(k+1\) is up to pull back by a projective automorphism isomorphic to a bundle \({\mathcal E}_ A\), \(A\subset\check S_{2n+k}\) a regular subspace. They also show that such bundles are extensions of the sheaf \({\sigma_ *{\mathcal O}_{\mathbb{P}^ 1\times\mathbb{P}^{2n-1}}(-k-1,1)}\) by \(2n{\mathcal O}_ P(-1)\) where \(\sigma:\mathbb{P}^ 1\times\mathbb{P}^{2n-1}\to Q\subset\mathbb{P}^{2n+1}\) is the normalization of a resultant hypersurface \(Q\;(P=P(S_ n\oplus S_ n)\), \(Q\) is projective equivalent to the locus of pairs of binary \(n\)-forms with a common zero). The space \(A\subset\check S_{2n+k}\) determines a linear system \({\mathcal D}\) on \(P(U)\simeq C_{2n}\subset PS_{2n}\) (\(C_{2n}\) the rational normal curve in \(\mathbb{P}^{2n+1}\) given by \(\langle u\rangle\in P(U)\mapsto\langle u^{2n}\rangle\in PS_{2n})\). The classical notion of Poncelet variety is generalized to introduce Poncelet varieties in this situation. --- Then it is shown the Poncelet variety determines the divisor of jumping lines of \({\mathcal E}\) and that the bundle is determined by the Poncelet variety. Finally it is shown that one gets a coarse moduli space of special instanton bundles of quantum number \(k+1\) as \(\text{Gl}(V_ n)\times F/\text{Gl}(U)\times \text{Gl}(U)\) where \(F\subset \text{Grass}_{k+1}(S^ \lor_{2n+k})\) is the open set of regular subspaces. Here \(\text{Gl}(U)\times \text{Gl}(U)\) acts on \(\text{Grass}_{k+1}(S^ \lor_{2n+k})\) and \(F\) via the second factor in a natural way and on \(\text{Gl}(V_ n)\) via its natural action on \(S_ n\times U\). It is also shown that there exist a universal family of special instanton bundles exactly in the case of odd Chern class \(c_ 2=k+1\).