Generic smoothness of the moduli spaces of rank two stable vector bundles over algebraic surfaces (Q1813043)

Let \(X\) be a complex smooth algebraic surface with the canonical divisor \(K\) and \(H\) be a fixed ample line bundle over \(X\). One denotes by \(M(D,k)\) the moduli space of isomorphic classes of rank-2 \(H\)-stable vector bundles with fixed determinant bundle \(D\) and second Chern class \(k\). The infinitesimal deformation space of \(V\in M(D,k)\) is identified with \(H^ 1(X,\text{End}_ 0(V))\) and the obstruction space is identified with \(H^ 2(X,\text{End}_ 0(V))\). The Kuranishi deformation theorem gives \(h^ 1(X,\text{End}_ 0(V))\geq\dim(M(D,k))_ V\geq h^ 1(X,\text{End}_ 0(V))-h^ 2(X,\text{End}_ 0(V))=4k-D^ 2-3\chi ({\mathcal O}_ X)\). -- We prove the following theorem: The subvariety \(\Sigma(D,k):=\{V\in M(D,k)\mid H^ 2(X,\text{End}_ 0(V))\neq 0\}\) has dimension at most \(3k+A\sqrt {k}+A\), where \(A\) is a positive number depending only on the linear system \(| 2K|\), the Chern classes of \(X\), \(H\), and \(D\). The theorem implies immediately the following generic smoothness property of \(M(D,k)\). Corollary 1: Every irreducible component of \(M(D,k)\) is reduced and has dimension \(4k-D^ 2-3\chi({\mathcal O}_ X)\), if \(k\) is sufficiently large. Corollary 1 has an important application in study of differentiable structure of algebraic surfaces: Corollary 2: The \(k\)-th SO(3)-invariant on an algebraic surface does not vanish, if \(k\) is sufficiently large.