Continuous analogues of Fock space. IV: Essential states (Q1813285)

This is the last of a series of the author's investigations on semigroups of endomorphisms \(\alpha_ t\), \(t\geq 0\) of \({\mathcal B}({\mathcal H})\) and associated product systems, consisting of the Hilbert space of intertwiners \[ E^ \alpha_ t= \{T\in {\mathcal B}({\mathcal H});\;\alpha_ t(A)T= TA,\;A\in {\mathcal B}({\mathcal H})\} \] with an inner product \(T^* S= \langle S,T\rangle1\) in each \(E^ \alpha_ t\) and a product \(TS\in E^ \alpha_{t+s}\) for \(T\in E^ \alpha_ t\), \(S\in E^ \alpha_ s\). [For parts I to III cf. Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 80, 409, 66ṗ. (1989; Zbl 0697.46035); J. Funct. Anal. 90, No. 1, 138-205 (1990; Zbl 0715.46039); J. Oper. Theory 22, No. 1, 165-205 (1989; Zbl 0715.46040).]\ The main result of the paper is the construction of essential representations of abstract product systems. \(\alpha_ t\) is called an \(E_ 0\)-semigroup if \(\alpha_ t(1)= 1\), \(t\geq 0\). It is called singular if \(P_ t= \alpha_ t(1)\to 0\) as \(t\to \infty\). A representation \(\phi\) of an abstract product system \(E_ t\) on a Hilbert space \(\mathcal H\) is a semigroup of endomorphisms \(\alpha_ t\) of \({\mathcal B}({\mathcal H})\) and an operator-valued algebra homomorphism \(\phi: E_ t\to E^ \alpha_ t\). It is called essential if \(\alpha\) is an \(E_ 0\)-semigroup, and singular if \(\alpha\) is singular. It is proved that the generator of a singular semigroup is injective and its inverse is an (unbounded) completely positive linear map. Such an analysis of singular semigroups is applied to \(E_ 0\)-semigroups via the spectral \(C^*\) algebra \(C^*(E)\) of an abstract product system \(E\), whose non-degenerate \(*\)-representations on separable Hilbert spaces are in a bijective correspondence with separable representations of \(E\). Let \(\beta\) be the semigroup associated with the right regular representation of \(E\) on the Hilbert space \(L^ 2(E)\) of all square integrable sections of \(E\). Let \(P_ t\) be the projections of \(L^ 2(E)\) onto its subspace of all sections supported in \((0,t)\) and \(\mathcal B\) be the union of \({\mathcal B}_ t= P_ t{\mathcal B}(L^ 2(E))P_ t\) for all \(t> 0_ \infty\) which is a dense subalgebra of \({\mathcal B}(L^ 2(E))\). Let \(\mathcal W\) be the set of all positive linear functionals on \(\mathcal B\), which is normal on each \({\mathcal B}_ t\), decreasing in the sense that \(\omega(\beta_ t(B^* B))\leq \omega(B^* B)\) for all \(B\in {\mathcal B}\), \(t\geq 0\) and satisfying the growth condition \(\sup_{t>0} \omega(P_ t)/t< \infty\). The main result (Theorem 1.5) provides an explicit affine order isomorphism of \(\mathcal W\) onto the partially ordered cone of positive linear functionals, mapping \(\beta\)-invariant elements of \(\mathcal W\) onto the cone of all positive linear functionals of \(C^*(E)\) which give essential representations of \(E\). The existence of nonzero \(\beta\)- invariant elements in \(\mathcal W\) (and hence the existence of essential representation of \(E\)) is shown by elementary methods (Theorem 5.9 and Corollary 5.17).