Differential inequalities in Banach spaces of entire functions. I (Q1813412)

Let \(\sigma>0\), we denote by \(B_\sigma\) the collection of all entire functions \(f\) satisfying \(| f(z)|\leq Me^{\sigma| y|}\), where \(z= x+iy\), \(M>0\). The classical Bernshtein inequality establishes that \[ f'(x)\leq \sigma\sup_{x\in\mathbb{R}} | f(x)| \tag{1} \] for all \(f\in B_\sigma\), and the equality \(| f'(x_0)|= \sigma\sup_{\mathbb{R}}| f(x)|\) for some \(x_0\in \mathbb{R}\) is only possible for functions \[ f(z)= ae^{i\sigma z}+ be^{-i\sigma z}, \tag{2} \] where \(a,b\in \mathbb{C}\). Multidimensional inequalities of the type of (1) are also known, i.e., estimates of operators from the collection \(D= (D_1,\dots, D_n)\), where \(D_m= (1/i) (\partial/\partial x_m)\), \(m=1,\dots, n\). We give one of them. If \(K\) is a compactum in \(\mathbb{R}^n\), then we denote by \(B_K\) the set of all bounded continuous functions on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) (dual copy) whose Fourier transforms in the sense of generalized functions are concentrated in \(K\). With respect to the sup-norm on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) the class \(B_K\) forms a Banach space. If \(u\in \mathbb{R}^n\) and \(\langle D,u\rangle= \sum_{m=1}^n D_mu_m\), then one can relate the following to Bernshtein type inequalities in the space \(B_K\): \[ \|\langle D,u\rangle f\|_K\leq \| f\|\max_{t\in K}| \langle t,u\rangle|,\tag{3} \] where the classical case (1) is obtained here for \(n=1\) and \(K= [-\sigma,\sigma]\). Just as in the one-dimensional case this inequality has normalized extremals, i.e., there exist functions \(f\in B_K\), \(\| f\|=1\), for which \((\langle D,u\rangle f)(0)=\| f\|\max_{t\in K}|\langle t,u\rangle|\). If the role of Bernshtein type inequalities is well known, then more interest has recently appeared in the structure of the spaces both of classical type and of type \(B_K\). On the other hand, the description of extremals in such inequalities is a variational problem with nonsmooth functionals. In the present paper we consider some classes of differential operators in \(B_K\) primarily when \(K\) is a ball or ellipsoid in \(\mathbb{R}^n\). At the same time we also indicate the corresponding families of normalized extremals.