Commuting differential operators of rank two (Q1815089)

Let \(P_1: = \partial^2_1 + \partial^2_2 + R(x)\) and \(P_2: = \partial^2_1 \partial^2_2 +\) (lower) be linear differential operators with holomorphic coefficients on an open set in \(\mathbb{C}^2\). We suppose that they are commutative, i.e., \([P_1, P_2]=0\). The following results are proved. (1) The potential function \(R(x)\) is expressed in the following form: \(R(x)= u_+(x_1 +x_2) +u_-(x_1 - x_2)+ \nu_1(x_1) + \nu_2 (x_2)\). (2) Assume that neither \(u_+ = u_-=\) a constant function nor \(\nu_1 = \nu_2=\) a constant function. Then \(P_1\) and \(P_2\) defined on a domain of \(\mathbb{C}^2\) can be extended to \(\mathbb{C}^2\) with meromorphic coefficients. Moreover, the order of a pole is at most two. (3) If at least one of \(u_+, u_-\) has a pole and at least one of \(\nu_1, \nu_2\) has a pole, then \(P_1, P_2\) is a translation of the Weyl group \(W(B_2)\)-invariant differential operators. (4) If \(\nu_1\) and \(\nu_2\) have poles, then we can also classify such operators.