Counting eigenvalues using coherent states with an application to Dirac and Schrödinger operators in the semiclassical limit (Q1815438)

The authors give here the semiclassical spectral asymptotics for the counting function of the Dirac operator \[ D:=\alpha\cdot(\hslash/i)\nabla+\beta+V, \] and the Schrödinger operator \[ S:=-\hslash^2\Delta+W. \] Here \(\alpha:=(\alpha_1,\alpha_2,\alpha_3)\) and \(\beta\) are the Dirac matrices acting on \([{C}^\infty_0({\mathbb{R}}^3)]^4\), and the counting function gives the number of all the eigenvalues in the spectral gap. They prove basic Lemmas by using the normalized coherent states \(F^0_\gamma(x)\), \(F^U_\gamma(x)\) and the measure \(d\Omega(\gamma)\); \[ \gamma:=({p},{q},\mu)\in{\mathbb{R}}^3\times{\mathbb{R}}^3\times\{1,2,3,4\}. \] Next, they prove a convergence theorem for the sum \(\sum_\nu\sum_{\sigma=1}^4|\psi_\nu(x,\sigma)|^2\), where \(\psi_\nu\); are the eigenfunctions of \(D^2-1+W\) with negative eigenvalues. Their main theorem is the following: Assume that \(V\in{L}^{3/2}({\mathbb{R}}^3)\cap{L}^3({\mathbb{R}}^3)\) and \(W\in {L}^{3/2}({\mathbb{R}}^3)\). Then \[ \begin{multlined}\text{tr }\chi_{(-\infty,0)}(D^2-1+W)=\\ (1/(2\pi\hslash)^3)\int \text{tr }\chi_{(-\infty,0)} [{p}^2+W+V({q})^2+2V({q}) ({p}\cdot\alpha+\beta)]dp dq+o(\hslash^{-3}),\text{ as }\hslash\to 0.\end{multlined} \] A corollary gives \(\text{tr }\chi_{(-1,1)}(D)\) and \(N(S):=\text{tr}[\chi_{(-\infty,0)}(S)]\).