Variation formulas for harmonic modules of domains in \(\mathbb{R}^ 3\) (Q1816608)

Let \(D\) be a domain in \(\mathbb{R}^3\) bounded by a finite number of \(C^w\) smooth boundary surfaces \(\partial D\). Suppose that \(D\) has a non-trivial \(i\)-cycle \(\gamma_i\) (\(i=1\) or 2). There exists a unique \(L^2\) harmonic \(i\)-form \(^*\Omega_{3-i}\) on \(D\) such that for all \(C^w\) closed \(i\)-forms \(w\) on \(\overline D\int_{\gamma_i} w=(w,^*\Omega_{3-i})_D\). \(\mu_i=|\Omega_{3-i}|^2_D\) is called to be the harmonic \(i\)-module for \((D,\gamma_i)\). Now let \(D(t)\subset\mathbb{R}^3\) and non-trivial cycle \(\gamma_i(t)\subset D(t)\) vary \(C^w\) smoothly with a real parameter \(t\) in an interval \(I=(-\rho,\rho)\), where \(D(0)= D\) and \(\gamma_i(0)=\gamma_i\). Consider the real four-dimensional domain \({\mathcal D}=\bigcup_{t\in I}(t,D(t))\) in the product space \(I\times\mathbb{R}^3\) and put \(\partial{\mathcal D}=\bigcup_{t\in I}(t,D(t))\). Let \(\varphi(t,x)\) be a \(C^w\) defining function of \(\partial D\) in \(I\times\mathbb{R}^3\). The author introduced two kinds of curvatures \(K_2(t,x)\) and \(\widetilde K_2(e,t,x)\) of \(\partial{\mathcal D}\) and denotes by \(dS\) the Euclidean surfaces area element of \(\partial D(t)\) at \(x\). With this terminology the author obtained the following variation formulas for the \(t\in I\): Theorem I: \[ \begin{aligned} {d\mu_1(t)\over dt} &= \int_{\partial D(t)} K_1(t,x)|\Omega_2|^2(t,x)dS_x,\\ {d^2\mu_1(t)\over dt^2} &= 2\Biggl|{\partial\Omega_2\over\partial t} (t,.)\Biggr|^2_{D(t)}+ \int_{\partial D(t)}\widetilde K_2(e_{\Omega_2},t,x)|\Omega_2|^2(t,x)dS_x.\end{aligned} \] Theorem II: \[ \begin{aligned} {d\mu_2(t)\over dt} &= \int_{\partial D(t)} K_1(t,x)|\Omega_1|^2(t,x)dS_x,\\ {d^2\mu_2(t)\over dt^2} &= 2\Biggl|{\partial\Omega\over dt} (t,.)\Biggr|^2_{D(t)}+ \int_{\partial D(t)} K_2(t,x)|\Omega_1|^2(t,x)dS_x,\end{aligned} \] where \(e\) is a unit tangent vector of the surface \(\partial D(t)\) in \(\mathbb{R}^3\) at \(x\) and \[ K_1(t,x)={1\over|\nabla\varphi|} {\partial\varphi\over\partial t}, K_2(t,x)={1\over|\nabla\varphi|^3} \Biggl\{{\partial^2\varphi\over\partial t^2} |\nabla\varphi|^2 -2\sum^3_{i= 1}\Biggl\{{\partial^2\varphi\over\partial t\partial x_i}{\partial\varphi\over\partial t}{\partial\varphi\over\partial x_i}\Biggr\} +\Biggl|{\partial\varphi\over\partial t}\Biggr|^2\Delta\varphi\Biggr\}. \] {}.