On periodic in the plane solutions of nonlinear hyperbolic equations (Q1817983)

For the nonlinear hyperbolic equation \[ u_{xy}=f_0(u)+f_1(u)u_x+f_2(u)u_y+f(x,y,u)\tag{1} \] the problem of existence of in both arguments periodic solutions with periods \(\omega_1\) and \(\omega_2\) is investigated, i. e., solutions satisfying \[ u(x+\omega_1,y)=u(x,y) ,\quad u(x,y+\omega_2)=u(x,y)\quad\text{ for}\quad (x,y)\in \mathbb{R}^2\tag{2} \] for some positive \(\omega_1\) and \(\omega_2\) are considered. Set \(F_i(z)=\int_0^z f_i(s) ds\), \(i=1,2\), and \[ \varphi(z)=\min\left\{ |f_0(z)|, |f_0(z)f_1(z)F_2(z)|^{1/2}, |f_0(z)f_2(z)F_1(z)|^{1/2} \right\}. \] The main result is the following: Let there exist \(\sigma_i\in\{-1,1\}\), \(i=0,1,2\), such that \(\sigma_0\sigma_1\sigma_2=-1\), \[ \liminf_{|z|\to+\infty} (\sigma_0 f_0(z) \text{sgn }(z))>0\quad \text{ and}\quad \inf\{\sigma_i f_i(z)\mid z\in \mathbb{R}\}>0,\quad i=1,2. \] Moreover, let \[ \lim_{|z|\to+\infty}{f(x,y,z)\over\varphi(z)}=0 \] uniformly with respect to \((x,y)\in \mathbb{R}^2\), and let for some \(j\in\{1,2\}\) one of the following two conditions be fulfilled: \[ \liminf_{|z|\to+\infty} {|f_j(z)|\over |f_0(z)|\left(|F_1(z)|+|F_2(z)|\right)}<+\infty\quad \text{ and}\quad \liminf_{|z|\to+\infty} {|f_j(z)|\over |f_{3-j}(z)|}<+\infty . \] Then problem (1)--(2) has at least one solution. Examples show that the condition \(\sigma_0\sigma_1\sigma_2=-1\) cannot be replaced by \(\sigma_0\sigma_1\sigma_2=1\) and that the imposed conditions do not guarantee the uniqueness of the solution.