Affine spaces within projective spaces (Q1818224)

In this paper the set \(\mathcal S\) of complements of a fixed subspace \(W\) of a projective space \(PG(V,K)\) is endowed with the structure of an affine space \(\mathbf A\). If \(\dim (V)=2\dim(W)\), then a line of \(\mathbf A\) is regular, exactly if it is an affine regulus in \(PG(V,K)\). A subspace of \(\mathbf A\) will be called singular, if none of its lines is regular. Let \(X\leq V\) be a hyperplane noncontaining \(W\). Then \({\mathcal S}(X)=\{S\in {\mathcal S}\mid S\leq X\}\) is a maximal singular subspace of \(\mathbf A\). A dual spread of \(PG(V,K)\) is a set of pairwise complementary subspaces such that each hyperplane contains one of its elements. Proposition 5.4. A subset \({\mathcal B}\subseteq {\mathcal S}\) together with \(W\) is a dual spread, if and only if, the following conditions hold true: (1) Distinct elements of \({\mathcal B}\) are joined by a regular affine line. (2) Each maximal singular subspace \({\mathcal S}(X)\), where \(X\leq V\) be a hyperplane noncontaining \(W\), contains an element of \(\mathcal B\).