A theorem of Naimark, linear systems, and scattering operators (Q1819336)

The main result of the paper is the following Theorem. Let \(H_ 1,H_ 2\) be two Hilbert spaces and \(T(z)=\Sigma \{z^{n+1}T_ n:n\geq 0\}\), \(T_ n\in L(H_ 1,H_ 2)\). Then T(.) has a realization as a response function of a discrete system with a contractive propagator if and only if there exist two sequences of operators \(s_ n^{(1)}\in L(H_ 1)\) and \(s_ n^{(2)}\leftrightarrow (H_ 2)\), \(n\in {\mathbb{Z}}\), such that for any pair of finitely supported sequences \(h_ n^{(j)}\in H_ j\), \(n\geq 0\), \(j=1,2\), it is true that \[ 2| \Sigma \{(T_{m+n}h_ m^{(1)},h_ n^{(2)})_{H_ 2}:m,n\geq 0\}| \leq \Sigma \{(s^{(1)}_{m-n}h_ m^{(1)},h_ n^{(1)})_{H_ 1}+(s^{(2)}_{m-n}h_ m^{(2)},h_ n^{(2)})_{H_ 2}:m,n\geq 0\}. \] A well known realization theorem due to J. W. Helton follows from the above stated result, which in turn is a corollary of the extension of Naimark's dilation theorem to the so-called Generalized Toeplitz Kernels. The same approach gives a result concerning couplings of isometries, which is related with a generalization of the notions of scattering operator for Lax-Phillips structures and with the work of Adamjan and Arov on the subject. The theorem can also be seen as an extension of Brodskii and Schvatsman characterization of characteristic functions of unitary colligations, for which a proof based on the classical Naimark's dilation theorem can be given.