Roots and logarithms of bounded operators on Hilbert space (Q1819339)

Let \({\mathcal H}\) be a separable complex Hilbert space, let \({\mathcal B}({\mathcal H})\) denote the set of all bounded linear operators on \({\mathcal H}\), and for p a positive integer, let \({\mathcal R}_ p=\{A^ p:A\in {\mathcal B}({\mathcal H})\}\) and \({\mathcal E}=\{\exp (A):A\in {\mathcal B}({\mathcal H})\}\). The authors give a spectral characterization of the closure of \({\mathcal E}\) (resp., \({\mathcal R}_ p)\) and the interior of \({\mathcal E}\) (resp., \({\mathcal R}_ p)\). For example, an operator T belongs to the closure of \({\mathcal E}\) if and only if the set \(\{\lambda \in {\mathbb{C}}:\lambda =T\) is semi-Fredholm and ind(\(\lambda\)-T)\(\neq 0\}\) does not separate 0 from \(\infty\).