A new functional equation characterizing generalized Joukowski transformations (Q1822284)

It is well known that the only entire solutions of the functional equation \(| f(z)| =| f(x)|\) \((z=x+iy)\) are the exponentials \(f(z)=Ae^{sz}\) (A\(\in {\mathbb{C}}\), \(s\in {\mathbb{R}})\). Similarly, the only solutions of \(| f(z)| =| f(| z|)|\), which are holomorphic in the plane, except possibly a pole at \(z=0\), are \(f(z)=Az^ p\) (A\(\in {\mathbb{C}}\), \(p\in {\mathbb{Z}})\). Generalizing this result the present author proves that the only solutions (of the same type) of the functional equation \((*)\quad | f(re^{i\theta})|^ 2+| f(1)|^ 2=| f(r)|^ 2+| f(e^{i\theta})|^ 2\) are the generalized Joukowski transforms \(f(z)=Az^ p+Bz^{-p}\). The proof is based on the fact that (*) implies either \(f=0\) or \(Im((z^ 2f''+zf')/f)=0,\) which is equivalent with the Euler differential equation \(z^ 2f''+zf'-p^ 2f=0\).