A note on the comparison of \(C_ 0\)-semigroups (Q1822332)

Let S(t) be a \(C_ 0\)-semigroup in a Banach space X, let A be its infinitesimal generator, and \(F_ A\) its Favard class, i.e. the space of all x such that S(t)x is Lipschitz continuous in t. We prove: If T(t) is another \(C_ 0\)-semigroup generated by B in X, then \(\| S(t)-T(t)\| =O(t)\) for \(t\to 0\) iff there exists \(\lambda >0\) and a continuous linear operator \(P: X\to F_ A\) such that \(B=A(id+P)-\lambda P\). If X is reflexive, this reduces to existence of a bounded linear operator \(Q: X\to X\) such that \(B=A+Q.\) We have learned recently by private communication that the same result has been obtained independently by M. Gyllenberg.