A characterization of left cancellative monoids by flatness properties (Q1824042)

Let S be a monoid. A left S-act A is flat if the functor -\(\otimes A\) preserves embeddings of right S-acts, satisfies condition (P) if whenever \(xa=ya'\) then there exist \(a''\in A\) and \(x_ 1,y_ 1\in S\) such that \(a=x_ 1a''\), \(a'=y_ 1a''\), \(xx_ 1=yy_ 1\). A monoid S is called right PP if all its principal right ideals are projective (as right S- acts). It is proved that S is left cancellative if and only if it is right PP and every flat S-act satisfies condition (P).