The large-scale limit of Dyson's hierarchical vector-valued model at low temperatures. The marginal case \(c=\sqrt{2}\) (Q1825540)

The paper deals with Dyson's hierarchical model. Its Hamiltonian is as follows: \[ \mathcal H(\sigma)=-\sum_{i\in Z} \sum_{j\in Z,j>i} d(i,j)^{-a}(\sigma (i),\sigma (j)),\quad \sigma \in {\mathbb{R}}^ p\quad (p\geq 2), \] where \(d(i,j)=2^{n(i,j)-1}\) and \(n(i,j)=\min \{n:\) there exists some \(k\) such that \((k-1)2^ n<i,\) \(j\leq k2^ n\}\). The free measure used here has the density \(C(t) \exp [-x^ 2/2-t| x|^ 4/4]\) (\(x\in \mathbb{R}^ p\)) with sufficient small \(t>0\), where \(C(t)\) is the normalizing constant. Set \(c=2^{2-a}\). Define \[ {\mathcal R}_ n\sigma =\{({\mathcal R}_ n\sigma ^{(1)}(j),...,{\mathcal R}_ n\sigma^{(p)}):\quad j\in {\mathbb{Z}}\}, \] \[ {\mathcal R}_ n\sigma_ j^{(1)}= A_ n^{-1}\sum^{j2^ n}_{k=(j-1)2^ n+1}[\sigma^{(1)}(j)-{\mathbb{E}} \sigma^{(1)}(k)], \] \[ {\mathcal R}_ n\sigma ^{(s)}(j)=B_ n^{-1}\sum^{j2^ n}_{k=(j- 1)2^ n+1}\sigma ^{(s)}(k),\quad s=2,...,p,\quad j\in {\mathbb{Z}}, \] where \(A_ n\) and \(B_ n\) are some rescaling constants. The purpose of the paper is to study the limit fields of \({\mathcal R}_ n\sigma\) as \(n\to \infty\). In their earlier papers [see e.g. the preceding review, Zbl 0684.60082] the cases that \(1<c<\sqrt{2}\) and \(\sqrt{2}<c<2\) were studied. This paper treats the critical case that \(c=\sqrt{2}\). The results are the following: In all cases, \(B_ n\) is chosen to be \(2^ nc^{-n/2}\), the limits are dependent Gaussian. Moreover, for \(c\neq\sqrt2\), they are self-similar. As for the other limit, the answer is as follows: \medskip \centerline{\vbox{\hsize=.8\hsize \hrule \line{\vrule height3ex depth2ex width0pt \hbox to.25\hsize{\quad Cases\hss}\hss\vrule\hss \hbox to.25\hsize{\quad \(1<c<\sqrt2\)\hss}\hss\vrule\hss \hbox to.25\hsize{\quad \(c=\sqrt2\)\hss}\hss\vrule\hss \hbox to.25\hsize{\quad \(1<c<2\)\hss}} \hrule \line{\vrule height3ex depth2ex width0pt \hbox to.25\hsize{\quad \(A_ n\)\hss}\hss\vrule\hss \hbox to.25\hsize{\quad \(2^ n c^{-n}\)\hss}\hss\vrule\hss \hbox to.25\hsize{\quad \(2^{n/2} \sqrt2\)\hss}\hss\vrule\hss \hbox to.25\hsize{\quad \(2^{n/2}\)\hss}} \hrule \line{\vrule height3ex depth2ex width0pt \hbox to.25\hsize{\quad limit of \(\mathcal R \sigma^{(1)}\)\hss}\hss\vrule\hss \hbox to.25\hsize{\quad non-Gaussian\hss}\hss\vrule\hss \hbox to.25\hsize{\quad indep. Gaussian\hss}\hss\vrule\hss \hbox to.25\hsize{\quad indep. Gaussian\hss}} \hrule}}