Dynamical representation of real numbers and its universality (Q1825896)

Let \(a>1\) be a real number. Let f(x) be such that, starting with a point \(0\leq x_ 1\leq 1\), the sequence \(x_{n+1}=f(x_ n)\) stays in [0,a]. In addition, it is assumed that f has an invariant measure. Assuming strict monotonicity of f on [0,1], and separately on [1,a], the iterated sequence \(x_ n\) will have alternating blocks in [0,1] and in (1,a]. The lengths of these blocks are called digits. It is shown that these digits are independent and identically distributed on [0,1] with respect to the invariant measure. Hence, their metric theory is very similar to that for decimal expansions. It is in contrast with the more challenging problems concerning the metric theory of other series representations such as that of Engel, Sylvester, Cantor's products, and others. For a general theory, covering these latter expansions, see the reviewer [Representations of real numbers by infinite series (Lect. Notes Math. 502) (1976; Zbl 0322.10002)].