On polynomial numerical hulls of normal matrices (Q1826844)

Let \(A\in C^{n\times n}\) and \(p(\lambda)\) be any complex polynomial. Then \(V_{p}(A)=\{\lambda\:| p(\lambda)| \leq \| p(A)\| \}\), \(V^{k}(A)=\bigcap V_{p}(A)\), where the intersection is taken over all \(p\) of degree at most \(k\). The polynomial numerical hull \(V(A)=\bigcap_{k=1}^{\infty}V^{k}(A)\) was introduced by \textit{O. Nevanlinna} [Convergence of iterations for linear equations (Lectures in Mathematics, ETH Zürich. Basel: Birkhäuser) (1993; Zbl 0846.47008)]. The authors determine \(V(A_1\oplus iA_2)\) where \(A_1,A_2\) are Hermitian matrices. The smallest \(m\) for which \(V(A)=V^{m}(A)\) is denoted by \(\text{num}(A)\). It is proved that if \(A_1\), \(A_2\) are semidefinite then \(\text{num}(A_1\oplus iA_2)\leq2\). Then \(V^2(A)\) is determined for several classes of matrices. Finally, \(V^2(A)\) and \(\text{num}(A)\) are studied for a normal matrix \(A\) the spectrum of which lies on a hyperbola with perpendicular asymptotes.