Normal forms for nonautonomous difference equations (Q1827165)

The Poincaré normal form result for the autonomous difference equation \(x_{k+1}=f(x_k)\) states that if the eigenvalues \(\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_n\) of the linearization \(y_{k+1}=Df(x^0)y_k\) at the rest point \(x^0\) satisfy the nonresonance condition \(\lambda\neq\lambda_1^{q_1}\dots\lambda_n^{q_n}\), then the difference equation can be formally linearized. In this paper, the author extends this result to the nonautonomous difference equation \(x_{k+1}=f_k(x_k)\) near an arbitrary reference point \(v^0\). New nonresonance condition involving the spectral intervals of the (nonautonomous) linearization is obtained, which reduces to the Poincaré nonresonance condition for the autonomous equation. A transparent comparison with the Poincaré method is given along with a numerical example.