Distribution modulo 1 of some oscillating sequences. III (Q1848170)

In this paper, the distribution modulo 1 of the sequence \((h(n))_{n=1}^\infty\) is studied, where \(h(x)\) is the product of a monotone function and a periodic function [for Parts I, II see Isr. J. Math. 71, 161-179 (1990; Zbl 0726.11042), ibid. 92, 125-147 (1995; Zbl 0867.11052)]. Let \(B\) be the set of germs at \(\infty\) of real-valued functions of one real variable. A Hardy field is a subfield of \(B\) closed under differentiation. Let \(U\) be the union of all Hardy fields, and let \(U^+\) be the subset of \(U\) consisting of those functions \(f\) such that \(f(x)\to\infty\quad (x\to\infty)\). The authors prove: Theorem 2.1 Let \(f\in U^+\) with \(f(x)=O(\log x)\), and let \(g\) be a non-constant periodic function with period 1 satisfying the Lipschitz condition. Then the sequence \((f(n)g(n\alpha))_{n=1}^\infty\) is dense modulo 1 for every irrational \(\alpha\). A real number \(\alpha\) is called a Liouville number if for every \(t>0\) there exists a rational \(a/b\) with \(|\alpha-a/b|<1/b^t\). Theorem 2.2 Let \(f\in U^+\) be such that \[ \lim_{x\to\infty}\frac{\log f(x)}{\log x}<\infty \quad \hbox{and}\quad \lim_{x\to\infty}\frac{f(x)}{\log x}=\infty. \] Let \(v\) be a positive integer, and let \(g(x)\) be a periodic \(k\) times continuously differentiable function with period 1 and \(k\) sufficiently large. Suppose that for every integer \(r\leq k\) the function \(g^{(r)}(x)\) has finitely many zeros in \([0,1]\) and for every \(r\leq k-v\) \[ |g^{(r)}(x)|+|g^{(r+1)}(x)|+\cdots+|g^{(r+v)}(x)|\geq C>0 \] for some absolute constant \(C\) and all \(x\). Then the sequence \((f(n)g(n\alpha))_{n=1}^\infty\) is uniformly distributed modulo 1 for every non-Liouville number \(\alpha\). Theorem 2.3 Let \(P(x)\) be a polynomial of degree \(\geq 1\). Let \(v\) and \(g(x)\) be as in Th.2.2. Then the sequence \((P(p)g(p\alpha))\) is uniformly distributed modulo 1 for every non-Liouville number \(\alpha\), where \(p\) runs over all primes: \(p=2,3,5,7,11,\ldots\).