On the existence, regularity and decay of solitary waves to a generalized Benjamin-Ono equation (Q1849020)

The generalized Benjamin-Ono equation \(A_t+\alpha AA_x-\beta(-\Delta)^{1/2}A_x\) is studied for \(A=A(t, x, y)\). After a solitary wave ansatz \(A(t, x, y)=v(x-ct, y)\), an integration in \(x\), and the rescaling \(u(x, y)=(2c/\alpha)v(cx/\beta, cy/\beta)\), the resulting equation to be solved for the profile is \(u+(-\Delta)^{1/2}u=u^2\). First it is shown by minimizing the appropriate functional under the constraint \(\int_{{\mathbb R}^2}u^3(x, y)\,dxdy=\mu\) that a solution \(u\in H^{1/2}({\mathbb R}^2)\) does exist. Furthermore it is proved that any \(H^{1/2}\)-solution of \(u+(-\Delta)^{1/2}u=u^2\) belongs to \(W^{k, p}({\mathbb R}^2)\) for any \(k\in {\mathbb N}\) and \(p\in [1, \infty]\). Also the solution has an analytic continuation to a \({\mathbb C}^2\)-neighborhood of \({\mathbb R}^2\). A main part of the paper then discusses the decay properties of solutions to the more general equation \(u+(-\Delta)^{1/2}u=g(u)\) in \({\mathbb R}^n\), with \(g: {\mathbb C}\to {\mathbb C}\) being continuous and such that \(| g(z)| \leq C| z| ^{1+\delta}\) for some \(\delta>0\). It turns out that under these assumptions one has \(| u(x)| \leq C| x| ^{-(n+1)}\), provided that a priori \(u\in L^\infty({\mathbb R}^n)\) and \(u(x)\to 0\) as \(| x| \to\infty\) is known.