Series acceleration formulas for Dirichlet series with periodic coefficients (Q1850938)

Let \(g\) be a complex-valued arithmetical function which is periodic with period \(m\), i.e., there exists a positive integer \(m\) such that \(g(n+m)=g(n)\) for all integers \(n\). Define \(L(s,g)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty g(n)n^{-s}\). This Dirichlet series converges at least for \(\Re s>1\), and it converges in the half-plane \(\Re s>0\) if and only if the mean value \(M(g):={1\over m}\sum_{k=0}^{m-1} g(k)\) is zero. In the present paper the author proves several series acceleration formulas for \(L(s,g)\). For instance, let \(q\) be a positive integer, \(\omega=\exp(2\pi i/m)\), and \(\alpha,\beta\) be positive real numbers satisfying \(\alpha\beta=\pi^2\). If \(g\) is even, then \[ \begin{multlined}\alpha^{-q}\left({1\over 2}L(2q+1,g)+\sum_ {n=1}^\infty {n^{-2q-1}g(n)\over \exp(2n\alpha)-1}\right)\\=(-\beta)^{-q}\left({1\over 2}M(g)\zeta(2q+1)+ {1\over m}\sum_{k=0}^{m-1}g(k)\sum_{n=1}^\infty {n^{-2q-1}\over \exp(2n\beta/m)\omega^k-1}\right)+\\+\sum_{j=0}^{q+1}(-1)^{j+1}\alpha^{j-q-1} \beta^{-j}\zeta(2j)L(2q-2j+2,g),\end{multlined} \] where \(\zeta(s)\) denotes the Riemann zeta-function; a similar identity is also given for odd \(g\). As special cases, one gets Ramanujan's wonderful reciprocity formula for the values of Riemann's zeta-function at odd integers (\(m=1\) and \(g\) constant \(1\)), analogous results for Dirichlet \(L\)-functions, and Ramanujan's formula for Catalan's constant. Ramanujan proved a more general result using contour integration. However, the method of proof in this interesting paper is much more elementary.