A uniform estimate. (Q1851486)

The paper is concerned with a weak-type estimate for the bilinear Hilbert transforms on the real line, \(H_\beta:{\mathcal S}\times{\mathcal S}\to {\mathcal S}'\). Let \(\beta =(\beta_1,\beta_2,\beta_3)\in{\mathbb R}^3\) be outside of the diagonal \(\beta_1=\beta_2=\beta_3\), assume that \(\beta_1+\beta_2+\beta_3=0\), and denote \(\Lambda_\beta\) the Hilbert trilinear form \[ \Lambda_\beta(f_1,f_2,f_3)=\int\left[p.v.\int \left( \prod_{J=1}^3 f_j(x-\beta_jt)\right)\,{dt\over t}\right]\, dx. \] Then \(H_\beta\) may be defined by \(\int\, H_\beta(f_1,f_2)(x)f_3(x)\, dx = \Lambda_\beta(f_1,f_2,f_3)\). In the nondegenerate case \(\beta_i\neq \beta_j\) if \(i\neq j\), it is a result due to Lacey and Thiele that \[ | \Lambda_\beta(f_1,f_2,f_3)| \leq C_\beta \| f_1\| _{p_1} \| f_2\|_{p_2} \| f_3\|_{p_3}, \] or \[ \| H_\beta (f_1,f_2)\|_{p'_3} \leq C_\beta \| f_1\|_{p_1} \| f_2\|_{p_2}, \] as long as \(1<p_1,p_2,p_3\leq\infty\) and \(1/p_1 + 1/p_2 + 1/p_3 = 1\). The main theorem of the paper states that there is a constant \(C\) such that , if \(| \beta_2-\beta_3| <1/2\), the weak type estimate \[ \lambda\;|\{ x; | H_\beta(f_1,f_2)(x)| \geq \lambda\}| \leq C \| f_1\| _2\| f_2\| _2 \] holds for all \(f_1,f_2\in{\mathcal S}\) and for all \(\lambda >0\). The clever proof follows the pattern of the proof for the nondegenerate case. With delicate arguments, the author splits \(\Lambda_\beta\) into pieces that are estimated by the Hölder inequality or by localized Fourier methods.