A monotone method for constructing extremal solutions to fourth-order periodic boundary value problems. (Q1855847)

The authors describe a constructive method, which yields two monotone sequences, that converge uniformly to extremal solutions to the periodic boundary value problem \[ u^{(4)}(t)= f(t,u(t), u''(t)),\quad t\in [0,2\pi], \] \[ u(0)= u(2\pi),\;u'(0)= u'(2\pi),\;u''(0)= u''(2\pi),\;u'''(0)= u'''(2\pi), \] in the presence of an upper solution \(\beta\) and a lower solution \(\alpha\). The function \(f(t,u,v): [0,2\pi]\times \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}\) is a Carathéodory function.