A basic inequality for submanifolds in locally conformal almost cosymplectic manifolds (Q1857381)

Let \(\widetilde M\) be an \((2n+1)\)-dimensional almost contact metric manifold with an almost contact structure \((\varphi,\xi,\eta,g)\). If its fundamental 2-form \(\Phi\), defined by \(\Phi(X,Y) = g(\varphi X,Y) = -g(X, \varphi Y)\), and the structure 1-form \(\eta\) are closed, then \(\widetilde M\) is an almost cosymplectic manifold. The manifold \(\widetilde M\) is locally conformal almost cosymplectic if there exists a closed 1-form \(\omega\) such that \(d\Phi=2 \omega\wedge\Phi\), \(d\eta = \omega\wedge\eta\), and \(\omega=f\eta\), where \(f\) is a function on \(\widetilde M\). A plane section \(\sigma\) in \(T_p\widetilde M\) spanned by \(X\) and \(\varphi X\), where \(X\) is a unit tangent vector field orthogonal to \(\xi\), is called a \(\varphi\)-section. \(\widetilde M\) is of pointwise constant \(\varphi\)-sectional curvature if at each point \(p\in \widetilde M\) the sectional curvature \(\overline K(\sigma)\) does not depend on the choice of the \(\varphi\)-section. Let \(M\) be an \((m+1)\)-dimensional submanifold of an almost contact metric manifold \(\widetilde M\). \textit{B.-Y. Chen} [Arch. Math. 60, 568-578 (1993; Zbl 0811.53060)] defined the Riemannian invariant \(\delta_M\) as \(\delta_M(p)=\tau(p)-\inf K(p)\), where \(\inf K(p)\) is the smallest sectional curvature at \(p\in M^n\) and \(\tau=\sum_{i<j} K(e_i\wedge e_j)\) is the scalar curvature, and proved a certain inequality for \(\delta_M\). In this paper, the authors study properties of submanifolds tangent to the structure tangent vector field \(\xi\) in a locally conformal almost cosymplectic manifold of pointwise constant \(\varphi\)-sectional curvature. They establish the basic inequality for \(\tau-K(\sigma)\) and prove several interesting results. For example, they show that for an \((m+1)\)-dimensional submanifold \(M\) isometrically immersed in an \((2n+1)\)-dimensional locally conformal almost cosymplectic manifold \(\widetilde M(c)\) of pointwise constant \(\varphi\)-sectional curvature \(c\) such that \(\xi\) is tangent to \(M\) and \(c>-f^2\), the invariant \(\delta_M\) satisfies the following inequality: \[ \delta_M \leq \frac{(n+1)^2(n-1)}{2n}\|H \|^2 -\frac 12(n+2)(n-1)f^2-(n-1)\xi(f)+\frac{n(n+2)(c+f^2)}8, \] where \(H \) is the mean curvature vector. It is shown that the equality holds if \(M\) is a totally geodesic locally conformal almost cosymplectic manifold of pointwise constant \(\varphi\)-sectional curvature \(c\).