Invariant polynomial functions on the Poisson algebra in characteristic \(p\). (Q1858213)

In the representation theory of Lie algebras \(\mathfrak g\) the structure of the center \(Z\) of the universal enveloping algebra \(U(\mathfrak g)\) plays an important role. Since the associated graded algebra of \(U(\mathfrak g)\) with respect to the standard filtration in \(U(\mathfrak g)\) is isomorphic to the symmetric algebra \(S[\mathfrak g]\), some information on \(Z\) can be obtained from the algebra of invariants \(S[\mathfrak g]^{\mathfrak g}\). If \(\mathfrak g\) has an invariant bilinear form, then \(S[\mathfrak g]\cong S[\mathfrak g^*]=k[\mathfrak g]\). The structure of the ring of polynomial invariants \(k[\mathfrak g]^{\mathfrak g}\) is of great importance for the study of different varieties in \(\mathfrak g\) which are very useful for the investigation of representations of \(\mathfrak g\) -- the cone of nilpotence, variety of regular elements and so on. For a complex semisimple Lie algebra \(\mathfrak g\) the structure of the center \(Z\) and, therefore, \(k[\mathfrak g]^{\mathfrak g}\) is obtained in the classical works of Chevalley and Harish-Chandra. For a Lie algebra \(\mathfrak g\) of a semisimple algebraic group \(G\) over a field of characteristic \(p>0\) the analogous results on \(k[\mathfrak g]^{\mathfrak g}\) and \(Z\) were obtained by Veldkamp and Kac and Weisfeiler (under some restrictions on \(p\)). The ring of invariants \(k[\mathfrak g]^{\mathfrak g}\) for Lie algebras of Cartan type \(W_n\) was studied by \textit{A. A. Premet} [Math. USSR, Sb. 73, No. 1, 135--159 (1992); translation from Mat. Sb. 182, No. 5, 746--773 (1991; Zbl 0782.17012)]. In the present paper the author obtains a number of results on rings of invariants of the Poisson algebra \(B_{2n}\) which is a natural central extension of the Hamiltonian Lie \(p\)-algebra \(L\). It is proved (Theorem 3.4) that \(k[B_{2n}]^L\) is a free \(k[B_{2n}]^p\)-module of rank \(p^n\) and a locally complete intersection ring. The homogeneous basis of the \(k[B_{2n}]^p\)-module \(k[B_{2n}]^L\) consisting of \(G_{[p]}\)-invariant functions on \(B_{2n}\) is constructed, where \(G_{[p]}\) is the group of automorphisms preserving a fixed \(p\)-operation on \(B_{2n}\). The description of \(k[B_{2n}]^G\) and \(k[B_{2n}]^{G_{[p]}}\) is obtained, where \(G=\Aut B_{2n}\) (Theorem 5.2). The affine subspaces \(S\) and \(S_0\) of dimension \(p^n+n\), and \(p^n\) in \(B_{2n}\) such that \(k[B_{2n}]^G\cong k[S_0]\) and \(k[B_{2n}]^{G_{[p]}}\cong k[S]\) are built. The author investigates the structure of the cone of \([p]\)-nilpotent elements in \(B_{2n}\) and proves that analogous to the classical result of Kostant, it is an irreducible normal complete intersection of codimension \(n\) (Theorem 6.4). In the concluding section 7 a series of central elements in \(U(B_{2n})\) is constructed.