Direct sums of type 2 \(\chi\)-extending modules. (Q1862704)

Let \(\chi\) denote a class of left \(R\)-modules, i.e. \(\chi\) is a collection of left \(R\)-modules closed under isomorphisms and containing the zero module. A submodule \(N\) of a left \(R\)-module \(M\) is called a \(\chi\)-submodule of \(M\) if \(N\) belongs to \(\chi\). A left \(R\)-module \(M\) is said to be type 2 \(\chi\)-extending if for every \(\chi\)-submodule \(N\) of \(M\), every closure of \(N\) in \(M\) is a direct summand of \(M\). The class of left \(R\)-modules with an essential \(\chi\)-submodule is denoted by \(\chi ^ {e}\). For left \(R\)-modules \(M\) and \(N\), we say that \(N\) is \(M\)-\(\chi\)-injective (resp. essentially, pseudoly \(M\)-\(\chi\)-injective) if for any \(\chi\)-submodule \(A\) of \(M\) and any homomorphism \(\phi : A \rightarrow N\) (with \(\text{Ker}(\phi) \leq _{e} A\), \(\text{Ker} (\phi) = 0\), respectively) there exists a homomorphism \(\psi : M \rightarrow N\) extending \(\phi.\) In general the direct sum of two type 2 \(\chi\)-extending modules is not type 2 \(\chi\)-extending. This paper finds sufficient conditions for this direct sum to be type 2 \(\chi\)-extending in the case where \(\chi\) is also closed under submodules. Indeed, the main result states that if \(M_1\) and \(M_2\) are type 2 \(\chi\)-extending left \(R\)-modules, then \(M_1 \oplus M_2\) is type 2 \(\chi\)-extending if \(M_1\) and \(M_2\) are relatively \(\chi^e\)-injective and \(M_1\) is pseudoly \(M_2\)-\(\chi\)-injective (or vice versa). CESS-modules are simply type 2 \(\chi\)-extending modules with \(\chi\) the class of semisimple, left \(R\)-modules and uniform extending modules are type 2 \(\chi\)-extending modules with \(\chi\) the class of left \(R\)-modules with finite uniform dimension. The main theorem therefore gives sufficient conditions for the direct sum of CESS-modules (resp. uniform extending modules) to be CESS (resp. uniform extending).