Exponential dichotomy and time-bounded solutions for first-order hyperbolic systems (Q1863016)

This paper concerns the Cauchy problem \[ D_tu-P_\varepsilon (t,x, D_x)u=f(t,x), \tag{1} \] \[ u(0,x)=u_0(x). \tag{2} \] Here \(\varepsilon \in[-1,1]\) is a parameter, \(x\in\mathbb{R}^n\), \(t\in\mathbb{R}\), and \(P_\varepsilon\) is a strongly hyperbolic first-order differential operator whose coefficients are close to being constant. The characteristic roots of the full symbol are supposed to be outside an open strip containing the real axis. It is shown that for all \(s_0>0\) there exist \(\varepsilon_0>0\), \(c>0\) and \(\mu>0\) such that for all \(|\varepsilon|\leq\varepsilon_0\) and \(|s|\leq s_0\) the following holds: (i) Let \(f=0\). Then there are closed subspaces \(E^\pm\) in \(H^s (\mathbb{R}^n)\) such that \(H^s(\mathbb{R}^n)= E^+\oplus E^-\) and that for \(u_0\in E^\pm\) it holds \[ \bigl\|u(t,\cdot) \bigr\|_{H^s(\mathbb{R}^N)}\leq c\|u_0 \|_{ H^s (\mathbb{R}^n)}\text{ for all }\pm t\geq 0. \] Here \(u\) is the solution to (1), (2). (ii) Let \(f:\mathbb{R}\to H^s(\mathbb{R}^n)\) be bounded and continuous. Then there exists a unique bounded and continuous solution \(u:\mathbb{R}\to H^s(\mathbb{R}^n)\) to (1), and it holds \[ \bigl\|u(t,\cdot) \bigr\|_{H^s (\mathbb{R}^n)}\leq c\bigl \|f(t,\cdot)\bigr \|_{H^s(\mathbb{R}^n)} \text{ for all }t\in\mathbb{R}. \] The solution \(u\) is periodic (almost periodic) in time, if \(f\) and the coefficients of the differential operator are periodic (almost periodic).