Converses to fixed point theorems of Zermelo and Caristi (Q1863615)

Let \(X\) be an arbitrary set and let \(T\) map \(X\) into itself. Moreover, let \(\text{Per}T\) and \(\text{Fix}T\) denote the sets of all periodic and fixed points of \(T\), respectively. In this interesting paper the author proves that if \(\text{Per}T=\text{Fix}T\neq\emptyset\), then there exists a partial ordering \(\preccurlyeq\) such that every chain in \((X,\preccurlyeq)\) has a supremum and \(T\) is progressive, that is, \(x\preccurlyeq Tx\) for all \(x\in X\). In fact, this result is a converse of the classical Zermelo fixed point theorem. Recall that a similar problem concerning a converse of the Banach contraction principle was solved by \textit{C. Bessaga} [Colloquium Math. 7, 41-43 (1959; Zbl 0089.31501)], who proved that if every iterate of \(T\) has a unique fixed point, then there exists a complete metric on \(X\), with respect to which \(T\) is a Banach contraction. Moreover, there is also proved that, from a purely set-theoretical point of view, the fixed point theorems of Zermelo and Caristi are equivalent.