Classification of Gauge orbit types for SU(\(n\))-Gauge theories (Q1863968)

\textit{W. Kondracki} and \textit{J. Rogulski} showed that the gauge orbit space is a stratified topological space in the ordinary sense [Diss. Math. 250 (1986; Zbl 0614.57025), Demonstr. Math. 19, 229-236 (1986; Zbl 0614.58004)]. In this paper, the stratification structure of the gauge orbit space is studied and a method to determine the orbit types of the action of the gauge transformation on the space of connections for gauge theories with gauge group \(\text{SU}(n)\) in spacetime dimension \(d\leq 4\) is presented. For this purpose, first the gauge orbit type and stratification are explained in Sect. 2. In these explanations, the space of connectioas and the group of gauge transformations are regarded to be Hilbert manifolds and Hilbert Lie groups so Sobolev class connections and gauge transformations are used. In Sect. 3, the bundle reduction \(\Theta(S)= \{p\in P\mid g(p)= g(p_0),g\in S\}\), where \(P\) is a principal-bundle and \(S\) a subgroup of the group of gauge transformation, is defined. A bundle reduction \(Q\subseteq P\) is called holonomy-induced if there exists a connected reduction \(\widetilde Q\subseteq P\) to a subgroup \(\widetilde H\) such that \(Q=\widetilde Q\cdot C^2_G(\widetilde H)\), where \(C_G (H)\) is the centralizer of \(H\subseteq G\) in \(G\) and \(C^2_G(H)= C_G(C_G (H))\). The set of isomorphy classes of holonomy-induced bundle reductions of class \(C^0\) of \(P\) is denoted by \(\text{Red}_*(P)\). Then for any \(k>\dim M/2 +1\), there is a bijection induced by \(\Theta\) of the orbit type of Sobolev \(k\)-class connections and \(\text{Red}_*(P)\). By this theorem the orbit type does not depend on the Sobolev regularity \(k\). \(\text{Red}_*(P)\) is determined via the classification of the Howe subgroup \(H\subseteq G\), \(H=C^2_G(H)\) [cf. \textit{C. Moeglin}, \textit{M. F. Vignéras} and \textit{J. L. Waldspurger}, Correspondences de Howe sur un corps \(p\)-adique, Lect. Notes Math. 1291 (1987; Zbl 0642.22002)] and the Howe subbundles. Here, a Howe subbundle is a reduction of \(P\) to a Howe subgroup of \(G\). In Sect. 4, the Howe subgroup of \(\text{SU} (n)\) is determined to be the set \[ J=({\mathfrak k},{\mathfrak m})= \bigl( (k_1, \dots, k_r),(m_1, \dots, m_r)\bigr),\;{\mathfrak k} \cdot{\mathfrak m}= \sum^r_{i= 1} k_im_i= n, \] with the equivalence by permutation. As a consequence, a Howe bundle is a \(\text{SU} (J)\)-bundle, where \(\text{SU}(J)\) is the intersection of \((U(k_1) \otimes \mathbb{I}_{r_1}) \times\cdots \times(U(k_m) \otimes \mathbb{I}_{r_m}) \subset U(n)\) and \(\text{SU} (n)\) in \(U(n)\). In Sect. 5, after explaining the Postnikov tower, constructing the fifth level Postnikov tower of \(\text{BSU} (J)\) (Th. 5.4), characteristic classes of \(\text{BSU} (J)\) which deterministic \(\text{SU} (J)\)-bundles on \(M\) if \(\dim M\leq 4\) is obtained. In Sec. 6, it is shown any Howe subbundle of \(\text{SU} (n)\)-bundles is holonomy induced. Sec. 7 gives a description of the orbit type \(\text{(Red}_*(P))\) in terms of the set of \(J\) which determines the Howe subgroups. Applying these results, orbit types for \(\text{SU} (2)\)-gauge theory on \(S^4\), \(S^2\times S^2\), \(T^4\) and \(L^3_p \times S^1\) are determined. As an application, a sufficient condition of a connection to be a kinematical node in Yang-Mills theory with Chern-Simons term, is given [cf. \textit{M. Asorey}, \textit{F. Falceto} \textit{J. L. López} and \textit{G. Luzón}, Phys. Lett. B 345, 125-130 (1995)]. In the conclusion (Sect. 10), the authors mention that the results of this paper may be viewed as one more step towards a systematic investigation of the physical effects related to nongeneric strata of the gauge orbit space. In an appendix, the Eilenberg-MacLane spaces \(K(\mathbb{Z},2)\) and \(K(\mathbb{Z}_g,1)\) which appear as the components of the Postnikov tower of \(\text{BSU}(J)\) up to fifth level, are explained.