\(q\)-deformed KZB heat equation: completeness, modular properties and \(\text{SL}(3,\mathbb Z)\). (Q1865274)

The paper is one of the series of authors (also with V. Tarasov) papers devoted to the study of the \(q\)-analogue of the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov-Bernard (qKZB) equations on elliptic curves. In 1997 the hypergeometric solutions of the qKZB equations were introduced and in 1999 the monodromy of hypergeometric solutions was calculated. It was discovered that equations giving the monodromy are again qKZB equations but with modular parameter and step of the difference changed. In 2001 the authors introduced the \(q\)-analogue of the KZB heat equation which governs the change in modular parameter of elliptic curve. In the paper under review three results about hypergeometric solutions in the case where the sum of highest weights is two are presented. (The case if the sum of highest weights is larger then two remains a challenging open problem.) It is shown that these hypergeometric solutions also obey the qKZB heat equation. The transformation properties of hypergeometric solutions under modular group \(\text{SL}(2,\mathbb Z)\) are investigated. It is shown that modular group combines with the transformation defined by qKZB heat equation to give the set of quadratic identities for the generalized hypergeometric integrals. The meaning of these identities is that the hypergeometric integrals define a discrete projectively flat \(\text{SL}(3,\mathbb Z)\) connection on some vector bundle of ``regular'' orbits of \(\text{SL}(3,\mathbb Z)\) acting on variety of pairs. This is the main result of the paper. In its proof the properties of elliptic gamma function to which the Appendix is devoted are used. Concerning the representation theoretic version of some results, the authors obtain an elliptic analogue of the Macdonald-Mehta identities.