A generalization of Sylow's theorems on finite groups to association schemes (Q1865611)

Let \(G\) be a partition of \(X\times X\) such that \(1_X\in G\). For each \(x\in X\) and, for each subset \(r\) of \(X\times X\) we set \(r^*=\{(y,z)\mid (z,y)\in r\}\) and \(xr=\{y\in X\mid (x,y)\in r\}\). The pair \((X,G)\) is an association scheme if \(g^*\in G\) for any \(g\in G\) and for any three elements \(d,e,f\in G\), there exists the number \(a_{def}\) such that, for any two elements \(y\in X\) and \(z\in yf\), \(|yd\cap ze^*|=a_{def}\). For each element \(g\in G\) we set \(n_g=a_{gg^*1}\). Let \(F\subseteq G\). We define \(n_F=\sum_{f\in F}n_f\). For \(e,f\in G\) we define \(ef=\{g\in G\mid a_{efg}\neq 0\}\). A non-empty subset \(F\) of \(G\) is closed if \(de\subset F\) for any two elements \(d,e\in F\). Let \(H\) be a closed subset of \(G\). We define \(X/H=\{xH\mid x\in X\}\), \(N_G(H)=\{g\in G\mid gHg^*\subseteq H\}\). For each \(g\in G\) we set \(g^H=\{(yH,zH)\mid z\in yg\}\). For each closed subset \(K\) of \(G\) with \(H\subset K\), we define \(K//H=\{k^H\mid k\in K\}\). It is easy to see that \((X/H,G//H)\) is a scheme (the factor scheme of \(G\) with respect to \(H\)). An element \(g\in G\) will be called \(p\)-valenced if \(n_g\) is a power of \(p\). A subset of \(G\) will be called \(p\)-valenced if each of its elements is \(p\)-valenced. A \(p\)-valenced subset \(F\) of \(G\) will be called a \(p\)-subset if \(n_F\) is a power of \(p\). We denote by \(\text{Syl}_p(G)\) the set of all closed \(p\)-subsets \(H\) of \(G\) such that \(p\) does not devide \(n_{G//H}\). Theorem. Let \((X,G)\) be a finite scheme, \(p\) a prime number, and \(P\) a closed \(p\)-subset of \(G\). If \(G\) is \(p\)-valenced, then we have the following. (i) If \(P\notin \text{Syl}_p(G)\), then there exists a closed \(p\)-subset \(P'\) of \(G\) such that \(P\subset P'\subset N_G(P)\) and \(pn_P=n_{P'}\). (ii) For each \(P'\in \text{Syl}_p(G)\), there exists an element \(g\in G\) such that \(gPg^*\subset P'\). (iii) Assume that \(P\in \text{Syl}_p(G)\), and set \(N=N_G(P)\). Then we have \(n_{G//N}\equiv 1\;(p)\) and \(n_{G//N}\equiv |gPg^*\cap \text{Syl}_p(G)|(p)\).