The Balian-Low theorem for symplectic lattices in higher dimensions (Q1867380)

A Gabor system generated by a function \(g \in L^2({\mathbb R})\) is a collection of its translations and modulations \(\{ e^{2\pi i mx} g(x-n): m,n \in {\mathbb Z} \}\). The classical Balian--Low theorem asserts that if such a system is an orthonormal basis for \(L^2({\mathbb R})\) then the generating function \(g\) cannot be well localized in both time and frequency, i.e., \(\left(\int_{\mathbb R} |xg(x)|^2 dx \right) \left(\int_{\mathbb R} |\xi \hat g(\xi)|^2 d\xi \right) = \infty\). This result has had so far several generalizations, but all of them pertained to functions of one variable. In the paper under review the authors deal with functions of several variables \(g \in L^2({\mathbb R}^d)\) and with Gabor systems associated with symplectic lattices, i.e., \({\mathcal G}(g, \Lambda) = \{e^{2\pi i {\mathbf m}x} g(x - {\mathbf n}): ({\mathbf m}, {\mathbf n}) \in \Lambda \subset {\mathbb R}^{2d}\}\), where \(\Lambda\) is a symplectic lattice if it is an image of \({\mathbb Z}^{2d}\) under a symplectic transformation. If the collection \({\mathcal G}(g,\Lambda)\) is a Riesz basis for \(L^2({\mathbb R}^d)\) then for some \(j\in \{1, \ldots, d\}\), \(\|x_j g(x)\|_2 \|\xi_j \hat g(\xi)\|_2 = \infty\). The authors also show that if \({\mathcal G}(g,\Lambda)\) satisfies a stronger assumption, i.e., it is an orthonormal basis for \(L^2({\mathbb R}^d)\), then the restriction on \(\Lambda\) being a symplectic lattice can be relaxed significantly and the Balian-Low theorem still holds.