\(C^{\infty}\) and \(L^{\infty}\) observability of single-input \(C^{\infty}\)-systems (Q1868360)

A single-input, multi-output \(C^\infty\) system \[ \dot x= F(x,u),\quad y= h(x)\quad\text{for }u\in \mathbb{R}\text{ and }y\in \mathbb{R}^p \] is assumed to be observable for every \(C^\infty\) input. A ``bad'' input \(u(t)\) is an almost everywhere continuous and bounded input for which outputs do not distinguish between two distinct states \(x_1\) and \(x_2\). For single-input, multi-output \(C^\infty\) systems, the author establishes conditions under which observability for every \(C^\infty\) input implies observability for every almost everywhere continuous, bounded input. When the state space is compact, those systems whose only bad inputs are smooth on some non-empty open set (``normal'' systems) are proved to be generic. In this case, the author extends some results of the genericity of observability to non-smooth inputs.